Craniofacial Disorder

A craniofacial disorder refers to a condition that affects the development or structure of the skull, face, or both, often present at birth or resulting from injury or disease. These disorders can range from a cleft lip to more complex conditions like craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull bones) or Treacher Collins syndrome (underdeveloped facial bones).

They may impact a child’s appearance, breathing, hearing, speech, or vision, and can require medical interventions like surgery or therapy. For families, understanding these conditions involves not only managing physical challenges but also supporting the child’s emotional and social well-being as they grow. In the U.S., approximately 600,000 individuals have been diagnosed with a craniofacial condition.

Craniofacial Disorder Definitions

Apert Syndrome
A genetic disorder distinguished by abnormalities in head size and shape and fused fingers and toes.

Craniosynostosis
A condition where the bones in a baby’s skull fuse together too soon, causing the brain to grow in ways that result in irregular head shape or facial features. Most cases are considered non-syndromic craniosynostosis, meaning they are not accompanied by other deformations in the body. Syndromic craniosynostosis occurs less frequently, and is accompanied by other internal and external birth defects.

Crouzon Syndrome
Affects the skull, face, and heart. It is a genetic syndrome, which is due to a mutation on the FGFR2 or FGFR3 gene.

Deformational “Positional” Plagiocephaly
Or “flat head syndrome,” is a type of abnormal head shape where bones in the skull are abnormally shaped by outside forces. This condition doesn’t require surgery, and may be fitted with a customized helmet to help reshape growing bones.

Facial Paralysis
Weakness or complete lack of motion of part or all of the face. It can involve one or both sides of the face. This decreased or lack of motion causes asymmetry and can lead to both functional and social interaction issues.

Facial Reanimation
A series of procedures to restore facial nerve function that has been paralyzed due to disease or injury.

 Facial Trauma
Describes any damage done to the face that could permanently change the shape of facial features as well as function of the ears, mouth, nose, or eyes. Treatment depends on the type and location of trauma.

Hemifacial Microsomia
A congenital (existing at birth, but not necessarily genetic) disorder that typically causes deformations of the soft tissue or bone of the mouth, upper and/or lower jaws and ears that can continue into childhood.

Hypertelorbitism
Also known as orbital hypertelorism, is an abnormally increased distance between the orbits (the bony sockets holding the eyes).

Jaw Abnormalities
Or malformations in the way the jaw develops or functions, can be caused by either disease or trauma. Treatment varies depending on the cause of the abnormality.

Microtia
A deformity where one or both ears are underdeveloped externally. Treatment seeks to rebuild external ear structures and restore hearing.

Pierre Robin Syndrome
A condition associated with a small jaw (micrognathia), cleft palate and obstructed airway due to improper growth of the tongue (glossoptosis).

Social Media at Nationwide Children’s FACES: The National Craniofacial Association - "Wonder" Educational Resources:
Offers kid-friendly materials inspired by the book Wonder by R.J. Palacio, including discussion guides and activities to help children understand facial differences like craniofacial disorders. It’s designed for classrooms or peer groups to foster acceptance. Changing Faces - Visible Difference Resources for Schools:
Provides free resources like lesson plans, videos, and stories for kids to learn about visible differences, including craniofacial conditions. Aimed at helping school-aged children understand and empathize with peers who look different.

INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION PROCESS

Reece’s Rainbow is not an agency nor an adoption facilitator.

Reece’s Rainbow is a grant foundation, helping families fundraise to offset the financial burden of international adoption.

Click to Learn More about the International Adoption Process.

LEARN MORE
These groups offer help navigating treatment options and emotional support through community connections.
Children’s Craniofacial Association (CCA)
This nonprofit offers a wide range of services, including educational materials like syndrome booklets, family networking, and an annual retreat. They also provide financial assistance for travel and lodging to help families access specialized care, aiming to empower and support those affected by facial differences.FACES: The National Craniofacial Association
For over 50 years, FACES has assisted families by providing financial support for travel to medical treatments, free information on disorders and resources, and a summer camp for kids with facial differences. It’s a great option for connecting with others and easing emotional isolation.American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA)
ACPA is a professional society that offers family-focused resources, including printable brochures, FAQs, and guidance on cleft and craniofacial care. It’s a trusted source for medical and emotional insights.myFace
This organization provides parent guides addressing common challenges, such as feeding difficulties, genetics, and fostering self-esteem. They also connect families to comprehensive craniofacial care teams and support networks.

Hospital-Based Programs
Many children’s hospitals have dedicated craniofacial programs with family resources. For example, Children’s National Hospital offers online tools and a multidisciplinary team approach (https://childrensnational.org/), while Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) provides extensive support, from surgical care to psychological services, and curated resource lists (https://www.chop.edu/).

Books on Craniofacial Disorders for Parents

Children with Facial Difference: A Parents’ Guide by Hope Charkins
A comprehensive guide addressing emotional adjustment, medical care, and education for parents of kids with craniofacial conditions like cleft lip/palate or Treacher Collins syndrome.

Wonder by R.J. Palacio
A fictional story of a boy with Treacher Collins syndrome starting school, offering parents insight into social challenges and resilience (ages 8+, but valuable for family understanding).

The Courage to Be Kind by Jenny Levin and Rena Rosen
A children’s book with photos and FAQs on craniofacial differences, helping parents teach kindness and discuss conditions with kids.

All Questions Regarding The Children Email Inquire@ReecesRainbow.org

Our children with Craniofacial Disorder

See ALL of our Waiting Children

* Listed children often have multiple diagnoses and attention should be given to the specific information in each child’s profile.

Tap or Click On Child’s Name to Learn More

Craniofacial Disorder

Click on the page numbers above to see all the children

Our International Programs

Visit our International Programs page
  • Married couples must be married at least 2 years
  • Single women may adopt girls, single men may adopt boys
  • Parents needs to be over age 25
  • Adoption process takes about 12 months after homestudy
  • Parents should be prepared to make three trips, staying 6 weeks each trip (in extreme cases).  This country typically requires parents to reside in country for 12 months to foster the child, but an exception may be given for medical reasons.
  • Any history of mental health issues should be discussed up front with the agency
  • Adoptive parents should have no criminal history
  • Total cost estimate is approx $36,000-38,000
  • This is a brand new program, so it’s uncertain how long the full process will take at this time
  • Married couples must be married or co-habitating at least 5 years; one parent must be at least 30 years old
  • Single women and single men may adopt; must be at least 30 years of age
  • No family size restrictions
  • May adopt out of birth order
  • Parents should be prepared to make two trips, of 7 days each
  • Total cost estimate is approx $35,000-40,000
  • 2 trips; Trip 1 about a week, Trip 2 about 12 days
  • Approx cost only $30-35,000! (depends on how many people travel, time of year for travel, etc)
  • As of 2024, there’s a new upper age limit for parents.  For single parents, there can be no more than 50 years between the child and the adoptive parent. For married couples, at least one parent must be within the 50 year or less age range.
  • Heterosexual married couples and single women may apply; single men may apply to adopt boys
  • Easy dossier, very few restrictions
  • Only one parent has to travel
  • Multiple unrelated children can be adopted together

CANADIAN FAMILIES WELCOME!

  • Applicants should be older than 25 years old. Both applicants must be 16 years older than the child.
  • Single women and men are allowed to adopt
  • A Psychological Evaluation is required
  • Families with health and mental issues will be considered on a case by case basis
  • Adoptive parents must have clean criminal history records to adopt from Brazil
  • Colombia is now open to heterosexual and same-sex couples. Singles may still apply as well.
  • No family size restrictions
  • Both parents must travel to the country initially — but only one needs to stay for the duration of the trip which is approx 2-3 weeks
  • Estimated total cost $25,000-40,000 and this does not include 3rd party fees
  • Heterosexual married couples, single women, and single men can adopt
  • Parents have to be at least 25 years old and be between 18-50 years older than the child(ren)
  • Country prefers families with Christian background
  • Income requirement less rigid when adopting a child with special needs
  • No set family size restrictions, but the preference is for smaller families
  • Two trips are required; the first trip is 7 days, second trip is 21 days
  • Both parents travel for the first trip; only one parent has to travel for the second trip
  • Two unrelated children with non-correctable SN can be adopted together
  • Approx 9-15 months from referral to second trip
  • Total cost estimate is $31,000-53,000 (including travel, homestudy and USCIS)
  • Adoptive Parents should be no more than 45 years older than the child they intend to adopt.
  • MORE INFO COMING SOON
  • Heterosexual married couples and single women
  • Ages of adoptive parents flexible
  • No more than 5 children in the home
  • Children available between age 1-13
  • Adoption completed 9-10 months after referral acceptance
  • One trip (15-21 days)
  • Adoptive parents should have no history of adoption disruption or loss of parental rights
  • No history of mental health conditions, addiction, or infectious diseases
  • Adoptive parents should have no criminal history
  • Paperwork would need to be submitted to the country to obtain more information on a child
  • Total cost estimate is approx $40,000
  • Adoptive parents must be at least 18 years older than the child
  • Adoptive parents should not be more than 50 years of age. Exception can be made if parent is in good health and one spouse is under age 50.
  • Heterosexual married couples only (married at least 2 1/2 years)
  • Prospective parents should have no history of mental health conditions or infectious diseases
  • Agency requires family to be of the Christian faith, LDS is not accepted
  • Country prefers the adopted child to be the youngest in the family but it is not a requirement.
  • 1, 2, or 3 trips required. Depends on court verdict issued by judge (Many families have been able to do in one trip!)
  • First trip is about 8-10 days in country and both parents must travel. One or both parents are required to stay about 10 days after court IF the judge issues an immediate court decision.
  • Second trip (if required) is about 10 days in country and only one parent needs to travel
  • Total costs estimated around $30,000

CANADIAN FAMILIES WELCOME!

  • Heterosexual married couples and single women
  • One parent needs to be over age 25
  • No upper age limit for parents
  • Adoption process takes 1-2 years
  • Three trips required
  • No history of mental health conditions, addiction, or infectious diseases
  • Adoptive parents should have no criminal history
  • Total cost estimate is approx $37,000-40,000
  • Parents must be 25 years or older, and 18 years older than child
  • Married parents, must be married 2 years minimum
  • Single women allowed to adopt
  • Must be a home owner
  • No criminal history; no history of drug or alcohol abuse
  • No significant medical, psychological or psychiatric conditions
  • Adoptions can take 2+ years to complete
  • Two trips required; first is 2 week bonding trip & second trip is 4-6 weeks.  Both parents travel for court, one may leave after court.
  • Parents must be 25 years old and no more than 45 years older than child
  • Preference is given to heterosexual married couples.  Must be married a minimum of 3 years.
  • Heterosexual single women and men accepted, although wait is longer
  • Parents must be healthy, both physically and mentally
  • Totally clean criminal background
  • Total average travel 8 weeks; one parent can return home after 30 days
  • One parent must be at least 30 years old; not over 50 years old
  • Heterosexual married couples and single woman may adopt
  • Parents must be married at least 5 years
  • The number of children at home does not matter. Any child over 8 years old needs to give consent to the adoption as well.
  • Singles may currently adopt if 35 years old
  • Past depression is OK, but must explain the circumstances and past and/or current treatment
  • If a criminal history/background, must be explained in detail
  • Estimated cost from commitment to home is $28-32,000
  • Travel is required
  • Travel for pick-up is about a week
  • Full medical and social info available
  • EASY travel, both parents for one trip (5-7 days)
  • Families are encouraged to travel, but escorting is available
  • Parents must be at least 25 years old
  • Married couples and singles
  • Couples married at least 3 years for first marriage
  • Mental health/depression history considered case by case
  • Relatively low cost – generally estimated around $16,000 to $18,000
  • Heterosexual married couples, must be married a minimum of 2 years
  • Single women allowed to adopt; Single men allowed to adopt boys
  • Minimum age to adopt is 25, maximum age to adopt is based on parents combined age
  • For special needs adoptions, up to three kids in the home is acceptable; four or five children in the home may be okay if adopting an older child or a child with a more significant special need
  • Sibling sets are available for adoption; non-related children may not be adopted at the same time
  • Average time frame for adoption is approx 12-18 months
  • Both parents may be required to travel
  • Travel varies by region; some require travel for court.  Travel could be a few days, or 3-4 weeks (longer timeframe can be done in two trips)
  • Parents should be medically healthy and financially stable; mental health and physical health histories are considered on a case by case basis
  • Criminal history will be reviewed on a case by case basis. Any felonies or crimes against children will disqualify families from eligibility.
  • Total costs approx $30-35,000updated Jan 2019
  • From the time of paperwork completion and match until travel is about 12+ months
  • Two trips (each about a week) or one longer trip (about 5 weeks) and both parents must travel
  • There are some restrictions, so any family that has a medical, mental, arrest or substance dependency should contact the agency
  • Heterosexual married couples only; must be married a minimum of three years, no more than one divorce per spouse
  • Parents must be between the ages of 25 and 45 at time of application
  • No more than 4 children already in the home
  • Heterosexual married couples and single women may adopt
  • Sibling groups and multiple unrelated children can be adopted together
  • Adoption process approx 8-12 months
  • Three trips – both parents need to travel for trip one
  • Trip one is 10-15 days
  • Trip two – about 6-8 weeks after trip one, for court
  • Trip three – about 6-8 weeks after trip two, 7-10 days long
  • Total estimated cost is $43,000
  • Heterosexual married couples or single heterosexuals may adopt (males and females)
  • Prospective adoptive parents must be over 25 years of age and at least 17 years older than the child. If married, only one parent must meet the age requirement.
  • If married, minimum of two years
  • Two to three trips, each about one week long
  • No income requirements beyond USCIS requirements
  • No particular heath or mental health related requirements
  • Multiple children in the form of sibling groups can be adopted together
  • The agency seeks Christian adoptive parents
  • Total cost approx info coming soon
  • Single women or heterosexual married couples, age 25-55
  • Couples must be married 2 1/2 years
  • Both parents, one trip of 4 weeks
  • After the adoption finalization and new birth certificate, one parent can go home early (about 2.5-3 weeks); one parent remains for final visa exit interview and new passport
  • Approx 9-12 months from dossier submission to travel
  • No set restriction on family size
  • Parents with mild mental health history may be considered on a case by case basis
  • Two unrelated children in the same orphanage can be adopted together
  • The agency seeks Christian adoptive parents
  • Total cost approx $27,000 (additional child, add about $5000)
  • Heterosexual married couples and single women may adopt
  • Parents must be at least 27 years old; and no more than 45 years older than the child
  • Single parents permitted for children over age 9
  • Must be married at least 3 years
  • Family size considered based on child desired
  • One trip, only 7 days!
  • Church reference letter required
  • Parents should have a BMI of 35 or under
  • Other medical or psychological issues can preclude adoption

Polish adoptions are limited to these 4 categories:

  • intra-family intercountry adoption
  • intercountry adoption to reunite a child with his/her previously adopted siblings
  • intercountry adoption of a child in exceptional life or health situations when local authorities are unable to find domestic placements (Special Needs)
  • intercountry adoption by Polish citizens living abroad
  • Heterosexual married couples can adopt
  • Single women can adopt one child only
  • Parents should be no more than 40 years older than child
  • Adoptions are done on a case by case approval basis
  • One adoption center only works at this time; only Christian families are permitted to adopt
  • No income requirement other than USCIS
  • No set family size restrictions, although preference given to families with no other children, or grown children
  • Approx 4-5 weeks travel time; one parent may return to US after court
  • Total cost estimated approx $40,000+
  • Parents must be at least 25 years old
  • Must have less than a 50-year difference between oldest child and youngest parent
  • Married couples, single women and men, or unmarried couples who have been in a committed relationship for at least 4 years
  • Couples can adopt regardless of orientation
  • 1 trip to country required: 4-6 weeks
  • Both parents required to travel
  • 18 months – 15 years; Children under the age of 8 will be living with some type of special need
  • Sibling groups are waiting
  • Children will be of Portuguese or Romani descent
  • Applications are encouraged from single men and single women, LGBTQ families, heterosexual married and unmarried couples
  • Parents under age 48 preferred at the time of dossier submission
  • Expected wait time from dossier submission to referral: 18-24 months
  • Travel occurs approximately 3-5 months after acceptance of referral
  • One trip required of approximately 4 weeks
  • Estimated total costs approx $30,000
  • Full medical and social info available
  • EASY travel – final trip is both parents for approx a week.  The judge may request an additional trip prior, for court.
  • No more than 3 or 5 children at home (different agencies in country have different requirements)
  • Heterosexual married couples, must be married 2 years
  • Only one previous divorce allowed per adoptive parent
  • Parents should be 25-50 years of age and in good health
  • Fees vary greatly, $27-40,000 plus travel (adoption of children with special needs tends to be on the lower end of that estimate)These are basic guidelines set by agencies in Taiwan but some considerations may be made on a case-by-case basis, especially for school-aged children and children with medical/special needs.
  • Both parents are required to travel and should expect to spend about two weeks
  • Heterosexual married couples, must be married 2.5 years; Single applicants are considered on a case-by-case basis for waiting children
  • Estimated total: $30-45,000

Reece's Rainbow 20th Anniversary